libc: add const-correct string.h overloads

libcxx provides const-correct overloads for a few string.h functions.
These overloads use clang's enable_if attribute, so they're preferred
over our FORTIFY'ed equivalents.

This weakens _FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 when used with some of these functions,
since clang needs to see __pass_object_size in order to pass an accurate
result for __builtin_object_size(s, 1) at a callsite. Since those
functions don't have __pass_object_size on their params, clang can't do
that. This makes LLVM lower the __builtin_object_size calls, which means
we get the same result as __builtin_object_size(s, 0).

We have to provide all of the overloads in Bionic, since enable_if is
only used to disambiguate overloads with (otherwise) the same type. In
other words:

// overload 1
char *strchr(const char *, int s) __attribute__((enable_if(1, "")));
// overload 2
char *strchr(char *, int s);

void foo() {
  char cs[1] = {};
  strchr(static_cast<const char *>(cs), '\0'); // calls overload #1.
  strchr(cs, '\0'); // calls overload #2.
}

Bug: 34747525
Test: m checkbuild on bullhead internal master + AOSP. vts -m
BionicUnitTests passes on both. Surprisingly, the only code that this
seems to break is contained in Bionic.

Change-Id: Ie406f42fb3d1c5bf940dc857889876fc39b57c90
diff --git a/tests/fortify_test.cpp b/tests/fortify_test.cpp
index 86b282c..c21c9da 100644
--- a/tests/fortify_test.cpp
+++ b/tests/fortify_test.cpp
@@ -231,35 +231,41 @@
 }
 #endif
 
-#ifndef __clang__
-// This test is disabled in clang because clang doesn't properly detect
-// this buffer overflow. TODO: Fix clang.
 TEST_F(DEATHTEST, strchr_fortified2) {
 #if defined(__BIONIC__)
   foo myfoo;
   memcpy(myfoo.a, "0123456789", sizeof(myfoo.a));
   myfoo.b[0] = '\0';
   ASSERT_FORTIFY(printf("%s", strchr(myfoo.a, 'a')));
+  ASSERT_FORTIFY(printf("%s", strchr(static_cast<const char*>(myfoo.a), 'a')));
 #else // __BIONIC__
   GTEST_LOG_(INFO) << "This test does nothing.\n";
 #endif // __BIONIC__
 }
-#endif
 
-#ifndef __clang__
-// This test is disabled in clang because clang doesn't properly detect
-// this buffer overflow. TODO: Fix clang.
 TEST_F(DEATHTEST, strrchr_fortified2) {
 #if defined(__BIONIC__)
   foo myfoo;
   memcpy(myfoo.a, "0123456789", 10);
   memcpy(myfoo.b, "01234", 6);
   ASSERT_FORTIFY(printf("%s", strrchr(myfoo.a, 'a')));
+  ASSERT_FORTIFY(printf("%s", strrchr(static_cast<const char*>(myfoo.a), 'a')));
 #else // __BIONIC__
   GTEST_LOG_(INFO) << "This test does nothing.\n";
 #endif // __BIONIC__
 }
-#endif
+
+TEST_F(DEATHTEST, memchr_fortified2) {
+#if defined(__BIONIC__)
+  foo myfoo;
+  volatile int asize = sizeof(myfoo.a) + 1;
+  memcpy(myfoo.a, "0123456789", sizeof(myfoo.a));
+  ASSERT_FORTIFY(printf("%s", memchr(myfoo.a, 'a', asize)));
+  ASSERT_FORTIFY(printf("%s", memchr(static_cast<const void*>(myfoo.a), 'a', asize)));
+#else // __BIONIC__
+  GTEST_LOG_(INFO) << "This test does nothing.\n";
+#endif // __BIONIC__
+}
 
 #ifndef __clang__
 // This test is disabled in clang because clang doesn't properly detect