diff --git a/libc/bionic/libc_init_common.cpp b/libc/bionic/libc_init_common.cpp
index e5654c3..55a2e77 100644
--- a/libc/bionic/libc_init_common.cpp
+++ b/libc/bionic/libc_init_common.cpp
@@ -114,10 +114,6 @@
   __check_max_thread_id();
 #endif
 
-  // Get the main thread from TLS and add it to the thread list.
-  pthread_internal_t* main_thread = __get_thread();
-  __pthread_internal_add(main_thread);
-
   // Register atfork handlers to take and release the arc4random lock.
   pthread_atfork(arc4random_fork_handler, _thread_arc4_unlock, _thread_arc4_unlock);
 
diff --git a/libc/bionic/pthread_create.cpp b/libc/bionic/pthread_create.cpp
index bfa4e8c..a120365 100644
--- a/libc/bionic/pthread_create.cpp
+++ b/libc/bionic/pthread_create.cpp
@@ -115,6 +115,13 @@
   return error;
 }
 
+void __free_thread(pthread_internal_t* thread) {
+  if (thread->mmap_size != 0) {
+    // Free mapped space, including thread stack and pthread_internal_t.
+    munmap(thread->attr.stack_base, thread->mmap_size);
+  }
+}
+
 static void* __create_thread_mapped_space(size_t mmap_size, size_t stack_guard_size) {
   // Create a new private anonymous map.
   int prot = PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE;
@@ -265,9 +272,7 @@
     // be unblocked, but we're about to unmap the memory the mutex is stored in, so this serves as a
     // reminder that you can't rewrite this function to use a ScopedPthreadMutexLocker.
     thread->startup_handshake_lock.unlock();
-    if (thread->mmap_size != 0) {
-      munmap(thread->attr.stack_base, thread->mmap_size);
-    }
+    __free_thread(thread);
     __libc_format_log(ANDROID_LOG_WARN, "libc", "pthread_create failed: clone failed: %s", strerror(errno));
     return clone_errno;
   }
@@ -277,14 +282,13 @@
     // Mark the thread detached and replace its start_routine with a no-op.
     // Letting the thread run is the easiest way to clean up its resources.
     atomic_store(&thread->join_state, THREAD_DETACHED);
-    __pthread_internal_add(thread);
     thread->start_routine = __do_nothing;
     thread->startup_handshake_lock.unlock();
     return init_errno;
   }
 
   // Publish the pthread_t and unlock the mutex to let the new thread start running.
-  *thread_out = __pthread_internal_add(thread);
+  *thread_out = reinterpret_cast<pthread_t>(thread);
   thread->startup_handshake_lock.unlock();
 
   return 0;
diff --git a/libc/bionic/pthread_detach.cpp b/libc/bionic/pthread_detach.cpp
index fb8e0dd..78d3a67 100644
--- a/libc/bionic/pthread_detach.cpp
+++ b/libc/bionic/pthread_detach.cpp
@@ -32,10 +32,7 @@
 #include "pthread_internal.h"
 
 int pthread_detach(pthread_t t) {
-  pthread_internal_t* thread = __pthread_internal_find(t);
-  if (thread == NULL) {
-    return ESRCH;
-  }
+  pthread_internal_t* thread = reinterpret_cast<pthread_internal_t*>(t);
 
   ThreadJoinState old_state = THREAD_NOT_JOINED;
   while (old_state == THREAD_NOT_JOINED &&
diff --git a/libc/bionic/pthread_exit.cpp b/libc/bionic/pthread_exit.cpp
index 3401ed7..ab1fb56 100644
--- a/libc/bionic/pthread_exit.cpp
+++ b/libc/bionic/pthread_exit.cpp
@@ -104,9 +104,6 @@
     // because we'll have freed the memory before the thread actually exits.
     __set_tid_address(NULL);
 
-    // pthread_internal_t is freed below with stack, not here.
-    __pthread_internal_remove(thread);
-
     if (thread->mmap_size != 0) {
       // We need to free mapped space for detached threads when they exit.
       // That's not something we can do in C.
diff --git a/libc/bionic/pthread_getcpuclockid.cpp b/libc/bionic/pthread_getcpuclockid.cpp
index 2bf2004..8bad566 100644
--- a/libc/bionic/pthread_getcpuclockid.cpp
+++ b/libc/bionic/pthread_getcpuclockid.cpp
@@ -31,10 +31,7 @@
 #include "pthread_internal.h"
 
 int pthread_getcpuclockid(pthread_t t, clockid_t* clockid) {
-  pthread_internal_t* thread = __pthread_internal_find(t);
-  if (thread == NULL) {
-    return ESRCH;
-  }
+  pthread_internal_t* thread = reinterpret_cast<pthread_internal_t*>(t);
 
   // The tid is stored in the top bits, but negated.
   clockid_t result = ~static_cast<clockid_t>(thread->tid) << 3;
diff --git a/libc/bionic/pthread_getschedparam.cpp b/libc/bionic/pthread_getschedparam.cpp
index 052fb05..39d098b 100644
--- a/libc/bionic/pthread_getschedparam.cpp
+++ b/libc/bionic/pthread_getschedparam.cpp
@@ -34,10 +34,7 @@
 int pthread_getschedparam(pthread_t t, int* policy, sched_param* param) {
   ErrnoRestorer errno_restorer;
 
-  pthread_internal_t* thread = __pthread_internal_find(t);
-  if (thread == NULL) {
-    return ESRCH;
-  }
+  pthread_internal_t* thread = reinterpret_cast<pthread_internal_t*>(t);
 
   int rc = sched_getparam(thread->tid, param);
   if (rc == -1) {
diff --git a/libc/bionic/pthread_internal.cpp b/libc/bionic/pthread_internal.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 8946f79..0000000
--- a/libc/bionic/pthread_internal.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,98 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2008 The Android Open Source Project
- * All rights reserved.
- *
- * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
- * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
- * are met:
- *  * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
- *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
- *  * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
- *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
- *    the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
- *    distribution.
- *
- * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
- * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
- * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS
- * FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
- * COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
- * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING,
- * BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS
- * OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED
- * AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
- * OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT
- * OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
- * SUCH DAMAGE.
- */
-
-#include "pthread_internal.h"
-
-#include <errno.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <string.h>
-#include <sys/mman.h>
-
-#include "private/bionic_futex.h"
-#include "private/bionic_tls.h"
-#include "private/libc_logging.h"
-#include "private/ScopedPthreadMutexLocker.h"
-
-static pthread_internal_t* g_thread_list = NULL;
-static pthread_mutex_t g_thread_list_lock = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
-
-pthread_t __pthread_internal_add(pthread_internal_t* thread) {
-  ScopedPthreadMutexLocker locker(&g_thread_list_lock);
-
-  // We insert at the head.
-  thread->next = g_thread_list;
-  thread->prev = NULL;
-  if (thread->next != NULL) {
-    thread->next->prev = thread;
-  }
-  g_thread_list = thread;
-  return reinterpret_cast<pthread_t>(thread);
-}
-
-void __pthread_internal_remove(pthread_internal_t* thread) {
-  ScopedPthreadMutexLocker locker(&g_thread_list_lock);
-
-  if (thread->next != NULL) {
-    thread->next->prev = thread->prev;
-  }
-  if (thread->prev != NULL) {
-    thread->prev->next = thread->next;
-  } else {
-    g_thread_list = thread->next;
-  }
-}
-
-static void __pthread_internal_free(pthread_internal_t* thread) {
-  if (thread->mmap_size != 0) {
-    // Free mapped space, including thread stack and pthread_internal_t.
-    munmap(thread->attr.stack_base, thread->mmap_size);
-  }
-}
-
-void __pthread_internal_remove_and_free(pthread_internal_t* thread) {
-  __pthread_internal_remove(thread);
-  __pthread_internal_free(thread);
-}
-
-pthread_internal_t* __pthread_internal_find(pthread_t thread_id) {
-  pthread_internal_t* thread = reinterpret_cast<pthread_internal_t*>(thread_id);
-
-  // check if thread is pthread_self() before acquiring the lock
-  if (thread == __get_thread()) {
-    return thread;
-  }
-
-  ScopedPthreadMutexLocker locker(&g_thread_list_lock);
-
-  for (pthread_internal_t* t = g_thread_list; t != NULL; t = t->next) {
-    if (t == thread) {
-      return thread;
-    }
-  }
-  return NULL;
-}
diff --git a/libc/bionic/pthread_internal.h b/libc/bionic/pthread_internal.h
index d2abea0..e40f5a4 100644
--- a/libc/bionic/pthread_internal.h
+++ b/libc/bionic/pthread_internal.h
@@ -56,10 +56,12 @@
 class thread_local_dtor;
 
 class pthread_internal_t {
- public:
-  class pthread_internal_t* next;
-  class pthread_internal_t* prev;
+  // These two fields preserve backwards compatibility for code accessing the `tid` field,
+  // since we didn't always offer pthread_gettid_np.
+  void* unused0 __unused;
+  void* unused1 __unused;
 
+ public:
   pid_t tid;
 
  private:
@@ -112,15 +114,12 @@
   char dlerror_buffer[__BIONIC_DLERROR_BUFFER_SIZE];
 };
 
-__LIBC_HIDDEN__ int __init_thread(pthread_internal_t* thread);
-__LIBC_HIDDEN__ void __init_tls(pthread_internal_t* thread);
-__LIBC_HIDDEN__ void __init_thread_stack_guard(pthread_internal_t* thread);
-__LIBC_HIDDEN__ void __init_alternate_signal_stack(pthread_internal_t*);
+__LIBC_HIDDEN__ int __init_thread(pthread_internal_t*);
+__LIBC_HIDDEN__ void __free_thread(pthread_internal_t*);
 
-__LIBC_HIDDEN__ pthread_t           __pthread_internal_add(pthread_internal_t* thread);
-__LIBC_HIDDEN__ pthread_internal_t* __pthread_internal_find(pthread_t pthread_id);
-__LIBC_HIDDEN__ void                __pthread_internal_remove(pthread_internal_t* thread);
-__LIBC_HIDDEN__ void                __pthread_internal_remove_and_free(pthread_internal_t* thread);
+__LIBC_HIDDEN__ void __init_tls(pthread_internal_t*);
+__LIBC_HIDDEN__ void __init_thread_stack_guard(pthread_internal_t*);
+__LIBC_HIDDEN__ void __init_alternate_signal_stack(pthread_internal_t*);
 
 // Make __get_thread() inlined for performance reason. See http://b/19825434.
 static inline __always_inline pthread_internal_t* __get_thread() {
diff --git a/libc/bionic/pthread_join.cpp b/libc/bionic/pthread_join.cpp
index 4d852cb..d61a096 100644
--- a/libc/bionic/pthread_join.cpp
+++ b/libc/bionic/pthread_join.cpp
@@ -36,10 +36,7 @@
     return EDEADLK;
   }
 
-  pthread_internal_t* thread = __pthread_internal_find(t);
-  if (thread == NULL) {
-    return ESRCH;
-  }
+  pthread_internal_t* thread = reinterpret_cast<pthread_internal_t*>(t);
 
   ThreadJoinState old_state = THREAD_NOT_JOINED;
   while ((old_state == THREAD_NOT_JOINED || old_state == THREAD_EXITED_NOT_JOINED) &&
@@ -65,6 +62,6 @@
     *return_value = thread->return_value;
   }
 
-  __pthread_internal_remove_and_free(thread);
+  __free_thread(thread);
   return 0;
 }
diff --git a/libc/bionic/pthread_kill.cpp b/libc/bionic/pthread_kill.cpp
index 93513fa..03301f5 100644
--- a/libc/bionic/pthread_kill.cpp
+++ b/libc/bionic/pthread_kill.cpp
@@ -37,10 +37,6 @@
 int pthread_kill(pthread_t t, int sig) {
   ErrnoRestorer errno_restorer;
 
-  pthread_internal_t* thread = __pthread_internal_find(t);
-  if (thread == NULL) {
-    return ESRCH;
-  }
-
+  pthread_internal_t* thread = reinterpret_cast<pthread_internal_t*>(t);
   return (tgkill(getpid(), thread->tid, sig) == -1) ? errno : 0;
 }
diff --git a/libc/bionic/pthread_setname_np.cpp b/libc/bionic/pthread_setname_np.cpp
index 6d2880e..669ef04 100644
--- a/libc/bionic/pthread_setname_np.cpp
+++ b/libc/bionic/pthread_setname_np.cpp
@@ -43,12 +43,7 @@
 #define MAX_TASK_COMM_LEN 16
 
 static int __open_task_comm_fd(pthread_t t, int flags) {
-  pthread_internal_t* thread = __pthread_internal_find(t);
-  if (thread == nullptr) {
-    errno = ENOENT;
-    return -1;
-  }
-
+  pthread_internal_t* thread = reinterpret_cast<pthread_internal_t*>(t);
   char comm_name[64];
   snprintf(comm_name, sizeof(comm_name), "/proc/self/task/%d/comm", thread->tid);
   return open(comm_name, O_CLOEXEC | flags);
diff --git a/libc/bionic/pthread_setschedparam.cpp b/libc/bionic/pthread_setschedparam.cpp
index 0ad68bb..904baee 100644
--- a/libc/bionic/pthread_setschedparam.cpp
+++ b/libc/bionic/pthread_setschedparam.cpp
@@ -34,10 +34,7 @@
 int pthread_setschedparam(pthread_t t, int policy, const sched_param* param) {
   ErrnoRestorer errno_restorer;
 
-  pthread_internal_t* thread = __pthread_internal_find(t);
-  if (thread == NULL) {
-    return ESRCH;
-  }
+  pthread_internal_t* thread = reinterpret_cast<pthread_internal_t*>(t);
 
   int rc = sched_setscheduler(thread->tid, policy, param);
   if (rc == -1) {